This post is part of our course Adversary Emulation 101: Mimicking a real-world cyber attack. A well designed Command and Control (C2) infrastructure is critical to the success of an adversary emulation exercise. During an engagement, established C2 sessions may get disconnected frequently. Whenever this happens, there might be a temptation to re-exploit the target […]
The Three Command and Control Tiers
Book Review: Red Team Development and Operations by Joe Vest and James Tubberville
I recently picked up this book, Red Team Development and Operations by Joe Vest and James Tubberville, while searching for material to read on Red Teaming. While this is not the only book on the subject, I was intrigued by the ‘Zero-Day Edition’ (along with this content, of course). Also, it was published recently (at […]
Book Review: Container Security by Liz Rice
Content overview The book’s tagline, “Fundamental Technology Concepts that Protect Containerized Applications”, provides an apt description of the content. It starts with basic concepts which are necessary to understand before we set out to secure containers. Even though the book is divided into 14 chapters, they can be rolled up into following three broad categories: […]
Introduction to MITRE ATT&CK Framework
This post is part of our course Adversary Emulation 101: Mimicking a real-world cyber attack. If you want to beat your adversaries, think like them. A common adage we have all heard. MITRE ATT&CK is just that. A framework to think like adversaries and beat them in their game. It is a culmination of […]
What is Adversary Emulation?
This post is part of our course Adversary Emulation 101: Mimicking a real-world cyber attack. Adversary Emulation is a form of cybersecurity assessment. During this assessment assessors replicate a specific threat scenario. For example, assessors may assume the role of cyber criminals who want to exfiltrate customer data out of the organization. Another scenario could […]
Red Team Operations Attack Lifecycle
This post is part of our course Adversary Emulation 101: Mimicking a real-world cyber attack. The lifecycle consisted of following phases, with phases 3-6 being cyclic in nature: Recon (Information Gathering) – In this phase, publicly available information (website, company profile, social media pages, employee profiles etc.) is gathered about the target organization. Initial Compromise […]
Book Review: Web Application Security by Andrew Hoffman
I recently came across this book, Web Application Security by Andrew Hoffman, while searching for material to read on how to secure web applications. There are many books available on this topic. I picked this one specifically because of it’s recent publication date. It was published in March 2020 (about 5 month back, at the […]
PoshC2: A Red Teamer’s Notes
This is an ongoing post containing my notes on PoshC2 usage. What is PoshC2? PoshC2 is a command and control software. It is used to carry out post-exploitation tasks such as persistence, privilege escalation, lateral movements etc. during penetration testing and red teaming exercises. It supports Python3, PowerShell (v2 and v5), C# and C++. The […]
SPN Scanning using ADSI (Part 3)
A Service Principal Name (SPN) is a unique identifier of a service instance. It is used to link an AD object (service accounts, users, computers etc.) with a service. It can be used as an alternative to a port scan in an Active Directory environment. Some common SPNs are: CIFS host HTTP https IMAP mongod […]
ADSISearcher (Part 2)
ADSISearcher is a class for searching for objects in Active Directory. It is part of .NET framework (System.DirectoryServices.DirectorySearcher) and van be accessed via PowerShell by creating object for the above class Example: $adsiSearcherObj = New-Object –TypeName System.DirectoryServices.DirectorySearcher takes the LDAP path to current domain by default Pass ADSI Directory Entry object type as ArgumentList to […]
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